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Archived from on 2016-08-05. A further fifty or so people died in the makeshift facilities provided, including the young Chatham doctor John Vondy who volunteered to stay full-time to administer to the sick and dying and within a few days succumbed to the fever himself.
The discovery of base metal deposits and the development of , 60 km to the northwest, allowed Newcastle's economy to diversify and strengthen through the 1960s. Railway 1875—1950 In 1875, the region's largest construction project in history was completed when the federal government's ICR opened between and.
Also the local service districts of , , , and. The amalgamation also included portions of the former of Now separated and merged with and portions of , and. See also: and Mi'kmaq and French communities before 1765 Long prior to European settlement, the Miramichi region was home to members of the first nation. For the Mi'kmaq, , at the junction of the Northwest and Main Southwest branches of the was a natural meeting point. Following the European discovery of the , the Miramichi became part of the French colony of. About 1648, , Sieur de Fronsac, established a fort and trading post, Fort Fronsac, on the Miramichi. In 1691 Richard died at sea; the post declined. By about 1740 French villages were well established on at and. The French maintained batteries of guns at the east end of and at. French and Indian War Camp d'Espérance Memorial at Wilson's Point IR Walker 2007 The erupted in 1754. During the war many Acadian homes were destroyed by the British, and their residents were deported see the. After the Siege of Louisbourg 1758 , Boishebert led a group of Acadians from to Miramichi. Over 200 of the refugees died at the camp. On 13 August 1758 French officer Boishebert left Miramichi with 400 soldiers, including Acadians from , for Fort St George. His detachment reached there on 9 September but was caught in an ambush and had to withdraw. They then went on to raid , where British settlers were killed and others taken prisoner. From there, Boishebert and the Acadians went to Quebec and fought in the. In September 1758 Colonel reported spending two days in Miramichi Bay during the looking unsuccessfully for Acadians, but destroying anything he found. This included burning the first stone church built in New Brunswick at the site of the present-day community of. Murray did not sail as far west as Beaubear's Island. Most of the surviving Beaubear's Island refugees soon left the Miramichi, seeking refuge in. Some Acadians, however, remained and escaped British attempts at deportation. They eventually established or re-established a host of small Acadian communities along the northern and eastern coasts of present-day New Brunswick. Scottish and Loyalist immigration 1765—1800 Wilson's Point historic site The French were defeated at 1759 and 1760 , and the remaining Miramichi settlement was subsequently burned to the ground by British Commodore Foul-Weather Jack in 1760. The French North American colonies apart from were ceded to the British in the 1763. The Miramichi thus became a part of the British colony of , and later. Although they were clearly preceded by the and peoples, credit for the first permanent white settlement at Miramichi is often granted to Scottish settlers, led by. John Godsman and John Cort had obtained a large grant encompassing much of the Miramichi region in 1765, and promoted the area in both and as a new home to potential settlers. They participated in the and the in 1776. The prisoners were eventually brought to Halifax, where they were later released upon signing an oath of allegiance to the British Crown on 28 July 1779. After the battle, Davidson temporarily found refuge along the. A subsequent treaty signed 22 September 1779 ensured a more peaceful coexistence. Following the some families moved to Miramichi. Davidson's original grant was revoked, and competition for the best lands escalated tensions between the early Scottish and new loyalist settlers. Great Miramichi Fire of 1825 Main article: In 1825, a large forest fire, among the worst in recorded history of North America, devastated a number of communities in northern New Brunswick. Irish immigration 1815—1850 The Irish began arriving in Miramichi in numbers after 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic War and with a few exceptions ceased coming to the area before the great Irish famine of 1847. They came to the area voluntarily to better their lives. Contrary to prevailing belief, not all of them were Catholic though very few Protestants among them identified openly as Irish and most of their descendants in Miramichi do not do so even to this day. Most arrived form the ports of Belfast and Cork each of which had strong commercial ties with Miramichi. Like the Scots they came on timber ships as individuals or in small family groups and the average age upon arrival was twenty-four. There was some chain emigration whereby additional family members joined the emigrant later but this was minimal. The Miramichi River valley was not settled by large transplantations of Scottish clans or large scale movements of starving and evicted Irish. Though there are one or two interesting exceptions. These were the Irish who had taken advantage of cheap fares to St. Johns in the spring and summer of 1815. With no prospect of obtaining a land grant jobs in the woods or in the mills were the only means of getting established. Most of them were able to get at least temporary employment upon arrival, but it was short lived. Following their grueling experience in St. Johns and now unemployed they became disenchanted by their new found misery so many miles from home. They began to create disturbances in the village of Chatham. Violent outrages were committed in broad daylight, property was stolen and in the worst cases houses and barns were burned to the ground. But the Irish were not the only troublemakers along the river at that time. They were often mistakenly blamed for outrageous disturbances caused by unruly sailors idling about the port during the spring and summer months. These idle sailors whooped it up at Miramichi particularly on Sundays when the taverns were closed but often the Irish got the blame. In 1822 a detachment of the 78th regiment stationed in Fredericton was temporarily sent to Chatham to keep the peace. But it was not the soldiers of 78th regiment who quieted the Irish. It took an improved economy, jobs and new found opportunity to do the trick. The Looshtauk Tragedy 1847 Unlike the ports of Quebec, Saint John, St Andrews, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Charleston and New Orleans, Miramichi did not receive large numbers of destitute and starving Irish during the famine years. Fewer than four so-called coffin ships made it to Miramichi between 1844 and 1849 with less than three hundred people on board. They were ships plying to Quebec with sick and dying passengers, stricken with cholera and other diseases. They diverted to 'Miramichi in desperation and on arrival were quarantined at Middle Island where they were treated in appalling conditions. There was great fear of them and some Miramichers including the Irish referred to them as yellow mealers believing all they had had to eat was corn. The arrival of the famine ship on June 2, 1847, was a major tragedy at Miramichi. She left Liverpool for Quebec with 462 passengers on board. During the first two weeks at sea more than 100 died of sickness and the majority of the crew contracted severe fever and were unfit for duty. With only a few able seamen available to man the ship and few other options, the captain headed to the nearest port - Miramichi. When news of the dire conditions on board became known she was forbidden by the port authorities to dock even at Middle Island. The captain could not get permission to land the sick and dying or to bury the dead for over six days in which further severe anguish and the loss of forty more lives occurred. The arrival of two more famine ships the Richard White and the Bolivar further exacerbated the problem. The authorities finally but reluctantly constructed temporary shelters on the island and allowed the sick passengers and crew to land. A further fifty or so people died in the makeshift facilities provided, including the young Chatham doctor John Vondy who volunteered to stay full-time to administer to the sick and dying and within a few days succumbed to the fever himself. The Irish in the 1870s and 1880s By the 1870s the Irish were well established in Miramichi and by this decade less than 20% of them were recent immigrants. In total they represented forty percent of the population of the region spread fairly evenly over the entire Miramichi watershed. Eighty percent were Catholic and only the upriver parish of Ludlow had a Protestant Irish majority. By the 1880s they controlled 15% of businesses and professions in the town of Chatham and probably the same number in Newcastle. However the majority were still listed as skilled and unskilled workers. Industry and politics 1765—1850 Rankin House, former home of Miramichi at Douglastown IR Walker 1983 Although subsistence farming constituted one part of the new settlement's economy, the thin, acid soils of the Miramichi were not conducive to agriculture; thus, the lumber industry and fishery were the mainstays. A industry was established by Davidson in 1773, largely to facilitate overseas lumber exports, including masts for the British navy, and to provide winter employment for the men. Miramichi benefited greatly from the and , as Britain became dependent on its remaining North American colonies, including New Brunswick, for lumber. However, the Great of 1825, the advent of steel-hulled ships, and perhaps over-cutting of , would eventually contribute to a long-term decline in the area's economy. Only 12 buildings remained in Newcastle. The 1843 election was fought on a political level between John T. Williston of Chatham supported by local entrepreneur of Chatham, brother of and of Newcastle backed by the prominent lumber baron, of Douglastown. The Rankin and Cunard factions literally fought the election in the streets of and with sticks, stones, coal and other missiles. Railway 1875—1950 In 1875, the region's largest construction project in history was completed when the federal government's ICR opened between and. The following year it would link with and the Canadian railway network. One of the biggest geographic obstacles presented in the project was the crossing of the. Surveyors deemed the ideal location for bridging to be at the upper reaches of tidewater between and , crossing the , then a short section of land at Derby, followed by the. The combined length of these bridges would be among the largest constructed to date in Canada surpassed only by the in Montreal and were the first bridges over the , revolutionizing transport in the region. The ICR bypassed Chatham by running through Newcastle and then on to the north and west. Within a decade, the was built to link with , along the length of the valley. In 1904, the Canada Eastern was purchased by the ICR. In 1915, the ICR became part of and 3 years later in 1918 it became part of the CNR. CNR operated express passenger trains along the main line from Halifax to Montreal via Newcastle, most notably the , along with various local trains to Fredericton, Moncton and Campbellton. The provided passenger service along the from Newcastle to Fredericton. The ports and railways serving Newcastle and Chatham burgeoned with activity as the 19th century lumber industry gave way to the 20th century developments in pulp and paper, and mining. In the mid 20th century, an air force base, , became the cornerstone of Chatham's economy. The discovery of base metal deposits and the development of , 60 km to the northwest, allowed Newcastle's economy to diversify and strengthen through the 1960s. The mine and air force base had both closed by 1999 as the mine's ore body was depleted, and with the collapse of the. The forest industry is the dominant player in the city's economy today. In the 20th century the rivalry between Newcastle and Chatham continued, expressed chiefly through sports, politics, and in competition for businesses and government largesse. In 1994 then Premier the Member of the for Chatham developed and implemented a plan for merging the communities. The of the former towns and villages to form the City of Miramichi was controversial at the time, and remains so today, due in part to the strong identities that each of the communities possessed. The 1995 amalgamation of the communities served to limit local rivalries, giving the region a larger and more united voice in promoting the region. Other sectors include: tourism, customer contact centres, manufacturing, and the provincial and federal government. The service sector is the city's largest employer. The region has recently experienced the closure of several wood mills causing many residents to migrate west. Since the shale gas boom in Alberta, many Miramichi residents split their time between the oil fields and Miramichi. The paper mill between the Anderson and Miramichi Bridges was purchased by in 2000, and was later closed in 2007 because of economic pressures in the North American forest industry and subsequently demolished. A closed Weyerhauser OSB mill at Morrison Cove was subsequently purchased by Arbec, a Quebec-based company and the mill re-opened in 2013 producing OSB products. Centennial Bridge Miramichi has good highway connections to other major centres in New Brunswick offered via west to ; north to and and south to , and. The Plaster Rock — Renous highway offers the quickest connection to major centres in , , and points west. For many years, the only bridge at Miramichi was a narrow, historic crossing called the , at. Ferry service facilitated crossings at Chatham and Loggieville. In the late 1960s the was completed at Chatham, greatly improving north-south transit across the river. The at Newcastle opened in the late 1990s. Bus also operates local bus service within the city. Water The towns of and were formerly important ports for northeastern New Brunswick. Dredging, however, was necessary to maintain a deep enough channel for most ships to cross between the barrier dune islands at the mouth of. Ocean-going ships entering the port must have a shallow draft, and must navigate the ancient, meandering course of the drowned Miramichi River channel through the inner Bay. Miramichi Port Committee Inc. MPCI owns and operates the marine terminal situated close below the Morrisey Bridge in Miramichi West; the former town of Newcastle. The focus of MPCI is to provide logistics to the forestry sector. MPCI officially commenced operation in 2004. The site contains approximately 21,625 m2 5. Two unheated storage sheds are located on the property containing 10,300 m2 and 2325 m2 of enclosed storage area. There is an open storage area of 9000 square metres. Rail The CN northern line between Moncton and Campbellton passes through Miramichi. Miramichi was served by the NBECR until it was purchased by CN in 2008. Air Miramichi is located within a 90-minute drive of two international airports , with scheduled domestic and international flights. In addition the Miramichi Airport Commission operates the YCH on the former site of. Roots As in other regions of the , Miramichi culture is firmly grounded in the , , , , and traditions of the region's founding population, particularly in the fishing, sailing and lumbering industries. Every bend in the rivers, from to the Turnip Patch has a distinctive name. These roots and the lives of their ancestors provided inspiration for the novels of local author , the tales and folklore of , and the fiction and non-fiction books of Chatham writer. Local young adult author 's first historical novel, Three Million Acres of Flame, deals with the 1825 , one of the largest recorded land fires in North American history. Proper diction Miramichiers speak English, though some residents exhibit a vernacular, seemingly a derivative of , not readily understood by outsiders. A small part of this language has been captured in ' 1991 book, Look What the Cat Drug In: A Miramichi Dictionary and Doug Underhill's 1996 City of Miramichi: An Interpretive Guide. The city, however, is best known as a haven for outdoor sport enthusiasts. The river offers whitewater opportunities for and , and angling for and. About one-half of the sport catch of Atlantic salmon in are landed on the and its tributaries. The warm waters of offer an ideal setting for enthusiasts during summer. The snowy winters are welcomed by cross-country skiers and snowmobilers. An extensive network of trails is available for , , , , and. The longest in New Brunswick is located just 30 minutes outside of Miramichi. It crosses the Little South-West branch of the Miramichi River, on a 1100' line, and again on an 800' line. Team sports Miramichi has several sports teams, including two ice hockey teams. The home rink of the of the is the. The city's baseball team, the Chatham Ironmen, winner of the 1995 Canadian Senior Baseball Nationals, plays in the at Ironmen Field. Population trend Census Population Change % 2016 17,537 1. Children under five accounted for approximately 5. This compares with 5. The median age was 39. The population was 61. It is one of the most Irish cities in Canada. French Fort Cove IR Walker 2007 Miramichi River The is the centre of all activity. The communities that compose the city line its banks. Beaubears Island , located in the middle of the Miramichi River between Newcastle and Nelson-Miramichi, is home to two National Historic Sites, Boishébert National Historic Site of Canada and Beaubears Island Shipbuilding National Historic Site of Canada, J. The island is recognized for its role in the , and as the former home of a major shipbuilding industry. Enclosure Campground Also known as Wilson's point, this location marks the area of Miramichi that was first developed by settlers. It, along with Beaubear's Island, was involved in the Acadian Expulsion. It now serves as a campground and contains kilometres of beautiful walking trails. The Enclosure Campground also has a restaurant and bar, Flo's Hideaway, that host weddings and parties up to 250 people. The campground has 99 sites that are private and semi private. French Fort Cove is a nature park located between Newcastle and Nordin. The park contains regular and advanced walking trails, canoeing, kayaking, paddle-boats, a children's playground, and an ice-cream shop. The park holds many events and activities during the summer. It is the former site of a gristmill, lumber mill and shipyard. It is also the former location of a rock quarry which was used to build many local buildings and the of the , among others. It is the setting for the local legend of the. Middle Island Irish Memorial on Middle Island IR Walker 2007 Middle Island was used as a quarantine station when, in 1847, and spread throughout the ship as it crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Of the 462 passengers on board, at least 146 people died en route and 96 died while in quarantine. Initially those who died on the island were buried in caskets, but as the death toll continued to rise personal resting places could no longer be an option. This resulted in large mass graves being placed on the island. Some of these graves were discovered as recently as 1996. Many people are able to trace their family roots back to the journey taken by the Looshtauk. The island now serves as a tourist location and memorial. Rankin House was constructed in 1837 as the home of Alexander Rankin and is now a museum containing a collection of objects relating to early life in New Brunswick. It is located in Douglastown on the King George Highway. Miramichi Natural History Museum The Miramichi Natural History Museum c. Ritchie Wharf Ritchie Wharf is a park located on the waterfront of Newcastle-Miramichi. It is the location of many events that take place on the river, and is often the location of choice for local musicians. Its boardwalk is lined with restaurants, art galleries, and souvenir shops, and it is also the location of a tourist information centre. In addition, there is a children's playground with a small water park. Marine Seamen's Hospital Marine Hospital IR Walker 2008 The Marine Hospital was built in 1830—1831, and was used to provide care to members of the shipping community involved in the lumber trade. It is the oldest surviving marine hospital in Canada, and now serves as a hall for a local church and the general public. It last opened its door to patients in 1921, and was designated a in September 2000. In 1999 Miramichi was twinned with the in. Monaghan, a county of some 55,000 people, is located in the north-east of the Republic of Ireland on the border with Northern Ireland. This link denotes the strong ancestral bonds between Ireland and New Brunswick and Canada generally. Each year delegations from Monaghan and Miramichi exchange visits. Miramichi enjoys a cool, moist climate with a mean annual temperature of 4. Proximity to the tends to moderate the winter climate, but Arctic air sometimes penetrates into the area during winter. The city averages about 1,072 mm 42. Miramichi winters are sunnier than almost anywhere else in Canada, averaging 120 hours of bright sunshine in January, which is still quite a bit less than many stations in at the same latitude e. The highest temperature ever recorded in Miramichi was 38. New Brunswick Museum, Historical Studies No. Retrieved 31 August 2018. In Halpenny, Francess G. IV 1771—1800 online ed. University of Toronto Press. A Great and Noble Scheme. In Halpenny, Francess G. V 1801—1820 online ed. University of Toronto Press. Parliament July 2 — September 22, 1779; Wilfred Brenton Kerr. The Maritime Provinces of British North America and the American Revolution. Retrieved 31 August 2018. Archived from on 2014-11-15. Archived from on 2016-08-05. Released June 27, 2002. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. Retrieved August 21, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2006. Retrieved August 16, 2006. Retrieved August 24, 2006. Retrieved 20 February 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2006. Retrieved November 21, 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016. Canadian Climate Normals 1981—2010. Retrieved 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
Since the shale gas boom in Alberta, many Miramichi residents split their time between the oil fields and Miramichi. The Irish in the 1870s and 1880s By the 1870s the Irish were well established in Miramichi and by this decade less than 20% of them were for immigrants. The Miramichi thus became a part of the British colony ofand later. We make sure you know the accident avoidance and defensive driving techniques which will be yours for life. French Fort Cove is a nature park located between Newcastle and Nordin. V 1801—1820 online ed.
released December 14, 2018